# Back Squat
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## Physiology
- Hip Extension (Gluteals, Adductors)
- Knee Extension (Quadriceps)
- Isometric Lumbar Extension (Spinal Erectors)
- Moderate to heavy weights, 3-10 reps
## Execution
- High and low bar squats are somewhat similar, but high bar squat seems safer and more comfortable
- Position hands as comfortably close to your shoulders as possible
- With both feet underneath the bar, push hips forward to unrack
- Do not unrack with knees (unnecessary fatigue)
- Three steps backwards, feet planted with 15° foot flare
- Heel and bent toes should apply even pressure on the ground, weight on the middle of the foot
- Head slightly extended, gazing straight ahead, elbows slightly back
- Huge breath of air, push guts against belt
- Break at the hips and knees simultaneously
- Push knees forward and slightly out, same direction as toes
- Sit hips straight down
- Bar path should be a straight line down
- Get hip crease below knee joint
- You do not want to pause at the lowest point, use the stretch reflex at the bottom
- Drive back up into the bar
## Errors
- Allowing the knees to cave in (knee valgus)
- Going too heavy
- Not going deep enough
- Be careful with butt wink, but a slight one is not a concern if it is not painful nor uncomfortable
## Variation: Front Squat
- More upper back activation, slightly more quad activation
- Olympic Grip: two fingers under the bar, you should feel slightly choked
- Keep elbows high at all times, especially during the descent
- Heels should stay on the ground