# Addiction is caused by dopamine down-regulation [[Dopamine triggers motivational salience]]: it prompts individuals to attain a certain goal and is a key component of the reward system. Dopamine is therefore released in anticipation of pleasure. Addictive substances or behaviours trigger large releases of dopamine: since living organisms are constantly trying to achieve homeostasis, the body starts to down-regulate dopamine receptors. More dopamine is required to feel the same sensations. What is more, addictions also tend to inhibit the prefrontal cortex's ability for *executive function* — the ability to make decisions. As a result, addicts show less interest in long-term goals and hobbies. --- ## 📚 References - [[@whativelearnedScienceInternetAddiction2017|The Science of Internet Addiction & Willpower]]